Most kittens are naturally inclined to use a litter tray, especially if they learned from the mother cat. Problems usually come from the setup, stress, illness or a change that happened too quickly.
Start with an easy setup
Use a low-entry tray in a quiet, accessible place. In the first days, keep the kitten in one room with food, water, bed and tray separated from each other. Use familiar litter if possible, then change gradually if needed.
When accidents happen
Clean accidents with an enzymatic cleaner and never punish the kitten. Check whether the tray is too far away, too dirty, covered, strongly scented or placed near a noisy appliance. Some kittens need more than one tray while they learn the house.
When to call the vet
Straining, blood, frequent tiny urinations, diarrhoea or sudden litter box avoidance can be medical. Do not assume it is stubbornness. A kitten that feels unsafe or unwell needs help, not discipline.
